Insect pests of sugarcane and their management

-

 

Insect pests of sugarcane

·         Borers

·         Sugarcane leafhopper (Pyrilla)

·         Termites

·         Sugarcane mealybug

·         Sugarcane black bug

1) Borers:

Family: Pyralidae

Order: Lepidoptera

Types of borers

1.       Top borer

2.       Stem borer

3.       Root borer

4.       Gurdaspur borer

Top borer

Scientific name: Scirpophaga nivella

Most destructive pest of sugarcane.

Life history:

·         It is active from March to November.

·         Optimum damage is caused in April to July.

·         4-5 generations per year.

Mode of damage:



Damage is caused by caterpillars which are mostly found in top portion of sugarcane. Young, attacked plants (Apr-Jun) show characteristic reddish streaks on midrib. Several short holes are also present which lead to dead heart.

Stem borer

Scientific name: Chilo infuscatellus

It is an injurious pest of sugarcane which destroy about 20% of young shoots during April to June.

Life History:

·         Active period March to November.

·         In Punjab before rainy season, it is very serious from April to June.

·         5 generations per year.

·         Life duration 5-6 weeks.

Mode of damage:


Larvae bore into shoots and feed there. They cut off the growing point (central whorl of leaves).

Root borer

Scientific Name: Emmalocera depresella

Life history:

·         Active during April to December.

·         Optimum damage from April to July.

·         No. of generations are 5 per year.

·         Life of this insect ranges from 6-7 weeks.

Mode of damage:

This insect severely attacks the young plants from April to June. It feeds in stem and cut the growing points of young plants.

Gurdaspur borer

Scientific name: Bissetia staniella

Life history:

·         It is active from July to November.

·         2-3 no. of generations.

·         Life duration is 6-7 weeks.

Mode of damage:

1st generation of caterpillar attack in month of July. After 4-5 hours of hatching young larvae enter the top portion of sugarcane just above the nodes by making single hole. They feed and make spiral galleries which move upward and ultimately kill the plants.

Chemical control of borers

·         Furadan

·         Sunfuran

·         Diazinon

 

2) Sugarcane leafhopper (Pyrilla):

 





Family: Lophopidae

Order: Homoptera

Scientific name: Pyrilla perpusilla

Life history:

·         It remains active throughout the year and migrates from one place to another in search of fresh food.

·         But maximum period of its activity is July to September.

·         3-4 generations per year.

Mode of damage:

Both nymphs and adults attack on lower side of leaves and suck the cell sap. Leaves become pale yellow due to desaping. In case of severe attack, the canes become shriveled.

Chemical control:

·         Carbosulfan

·         Deltamethrin

·         Endosulfan

·         Thiodan

3) Termites:

Scientific name: Odontotermes obesus

Family: Termitidae

Order: Isoptera

Mode of damage:

It is a minor pest of sugarcane.

·         It enters the sets from cut ends and make them hollow partially or completely. Mud galleries are formed by termites.

·         Buds of germinating sets are damaged.

·         Sometimes they penetrate the roots and move towards stem making them hollow, mud galleries are also formed into infected stem.

·         Leaves of infected plants become dry and in severe case plants may die.

Chemical control of borers

·         Cypermethrin

·         Permethrin

·         Teramethrin

4) Sugarcane Mealybug:

Scientific name: Saccharicoccous sacchari

Family: Pseudococcidae

Order: Hemiptera

Life history:

·         It is the minor pest of sugarcane

·         Mealy bug remains active throughout the year on various crop.

·         Maximum damage occurs from June to October.

·         There are several no. of generation of this insect in a year.

·          Life span is about one month in summer.

Mode of damage:

·         They cause damage by sucking cell sap.

·         They are seen in clusters at basal nodes of cane.

·         Can be seen by exposing the leaf sheath.

Chemical control

·         Mehtamidophos

·         Malathion

5) Sugarcane black bug:

Scientific name: Cavelerius excavates

Family: Ligaeidae

Order: Hemiptera

Life history:

·         its breeds are active throughout the year, but its adults and eggs are seen in winter season.

·         Maximum damage occurs from July to September.

·         3 generations per year.

Mode of damage:

·         Cause damage by sucking cell sap.

·         Both nymphs and adults make cluster in top central whorl.

·         Pale brown patches are formed which are dried gradually.

Chemical control

·         Endosulfan

·         Methamidophos

·         Chloropyrifos

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Causes of Downfall of Agriculture in Pakistan

-
Causes for down fall of Agriculture in Pakistan 1. Water Shortage Over-dependence on the Indus River system. Depletion of groundwater. Inefficient irrigation methods causing wastage. 2. Outdated Farming Techniques Low adoption of modern machinery. Reliance on traditional seed varieties. Poor crop management practices. 3. Soil Degradation Waterlogging and salinity due to improper irrigation. Soil erosion from deforestation and overgrazing. Decline in soil fertility from overuse of chemical fertilizers. 4. Lack of Research and Development Limited investment in agricultural research. Poor extension services for farmers. Slow introduction of improved seed varieties. 5. Pest and Disease Attacks Inadequate pest control measures. Resistance to pesticides in some pests. 6. Market and Policy Issues Unstable crop prices. Lack of cold storage and processing facilities. Middleman exploitation reducing farmer profits. 7. Climate Change Irregular rainfall and prolonged droughts. Flooding damaging cr...
Read more

Oilseed Crops MCQs

-
 Which of the following is an oilseed crop? a) Wheat b) Rice c) Mustard✅ d) Maize 2. The major oilseed crop grown in India is: a) Sunflower b) Groundnut✅ c) Soybean d) Castor 3. Which of the following oilseed crops is a rabi crop? a) Groundnut b) Mustard✅ c) Sunflower d) Soybean 4. Which oilseed crop is known for its high protein content? a) Coconut b) Soybean✅ c) Sunflower d) Sesame 5. Which of the following oilseeds is a kharif crop? a) Mustard b) Sunflower c) Groundnut d) Both b & c✅ 6. Linseed is mainly grown for which type of oil? a) Edible oil b) Industrial oil✅ c) Essential oil d) Medicinal oil 7. The botanical name of mustard is: a) Cocos nucifera b) Helianthus annuus c) Brassica juncea✅ d) Arachis hypogaea 8. Which of the following oilseeds is rich in omega-3 fatty acids? a) Coconut b) Linseed✅ c) Mustard d) Groundnut 9. Which oilseed crop is widely used for biodiesel production? a) Sunflower b) Jatropha✅ c) Coconut d) Groundnut 10. The major oil extracted from coconut...
Read more

List of maize varieties developed by Maize and Millet Research Institute (MMRI) Sahiwal

-
Image
List of maize varieties developed by Maize and Millet Research Institute (MMRI) Sahiwal List of Maize Varieties Developed by MMRI Sahiwal Sr.# Variety Year Grain Color Yield Potential Maturity Time (Days) Synthetic Varieties 1 Sahiwal Gold 2019 Yellow 91 100-120 2 Gohar-19 2019 White 81 3 POP-1 2019 Yellow 55 4 Sweet-1 2019 Yellow 44 5 CIMMYT-PAK 2019 White 71 6 Malka-2016 2016 Yellow 86 7 MMRI-Yellow 2016 Yellow 85 8 Pearl 2011 Yellow 72 Hybrid Varieties 1 YH-5427 ...
Read more